Is .308 Stronger Than 7.62x39mm? A Comprehensive Comparison
The debate over which cartridge is superior—the .308 Winchester or the 7.62x39mm—is a long-standing one among shooting enthusiasts, hunters, and military personnel. Both cartridges have their strengths and weaknesses, making the ‘better’ choice highly dependent on the specific application and priorities of the user. This article aims to provide a comprehensive comparison of the .308 and 7.62x39mm, examining their ballistic performance, effective range, recoil, common uses, and overall suitability for various shooting scenarios. Understanding the nuances of each cartridge is crucial for making an informed decision. The question of whether the .308 is stronger than the 7.62x39mm will be thoroughly addressed.
Ballistic Performance: Power and Trajectory
One of the most significant differences between the .308 Winchester and the 7.62x39mm lies in their ballistic performance. The .308, also known as the 7.62x51mm NATO, is a significantly more powerful cartridge. It typically fires heavier bullets at higher velocities, resulting in greater kinetic energy and a flatter trajectory. This translates to superior long-range performance and increased stopping power.
The .308 typically delivers muzzle energies ranging from 2,600 to 2,800 foot-pounds, depending on the specific load. Bullet weights commonly range from 150 to 180 grains. This high energy output makes it suitable for taking down larger game at extended distances. Its flatter trajectory also reduces the need for significant holdover adjustments when shooting at varying ranges.
In contrast, the 7.62x39mm is an intermediate cartridge, designed to provide a balance of power and controllability in a lightweight platform like the AK-47. It generally fires lighter bullets, typically around 123 grains, at lower velocities, resulting in muzzle energies around 1,500 to 1,600 foot-pounds. While still effective at shorter ranges, its trajectory drops off more rapidly, and its stopping power is less than that of the .308.
Therefore, when comparing ballistic performance, the .308 is definitively stronger than the 7.62x39mm in terms of energy, velocity, and trajectory.
Effective Range: Distance and Accuracy
The effective range of a cartridge is determined by its ability to maintain sufficient velocity and accuracy to reliably hit a target at a given distance. The .308 Winchester excels in this area due to its superior ballistic coefficient and higher velocity. It can maintain accuracy and lethality out to 800 yards or more, making it a favorite among long-range shooters and hunters.
The 7.62x39mm, on the other hand, is typically considered effective out to around 300-400 yards. Beyond this range, its trajectory becomes increasingly difficult to manage, and its energy drops off significantly. This makes it more suitable for close- to medium-range engagements.
The design purposes also play a role in the effective range. The .308 was designed as a general-purpose cartridge, capable of fulfilling multiple roles from infantry rifles to sniper rifles. The 7.62x39mm was designed to give riflemen a more controllable cartridge in a lighter rifle. The Soviet doctrine at the time also valued volume of fire over individual accuracy past 300 meters.
Recoil: Controllability and Comfort
Recoil is a crucial factor to consider, especially for new shooters or those who prioritize rapid follow-up shots. The .308, being a more powerful cartridge, generates significantly more recoil than the 7.62x39mm. This can make it more challenging to control, especially in lightweight rifles. Experienced shooters can manage the recoil effectively, but it’s a factor to consider when choosing between the two.
The 7.62x39mm offers a much more manageable recoil impulse, making it easier to stay on target and deliver accurate follow-up shots. This is one of the reasons it is favored in rifles like the AK-47, which are often used in close-quarters combat scenarios where rapid fire is essential.
While the .308 is stronger than the 7.62x39mm, its recoil makes it less manageable.
Common Uses: Applications and Firearms
Both cartridges have found widespread use in various applications and firearms. The .308 is commonly chambered in bolt-action rifles, semi-automatic rifles, and even some machine guns. It is a popular choice for hunting medium to large game, target shooting, and military sniping. Rifles chambered in .308 are often known for their accuracy and reliability.
The 7.62x39mm is primarily associated with the AK-47 and SKS rifles, both of which are known for their ruggedness and reliability, even under harsh conditions. It is commonly used for recreational shooting, hunting small to medium game, and in some military applications, particularly in regions where AK-pattern rifles are prevalent. Its affordability and widespread availability have contributed to its popularity.
[See also: Best .308 Rifles for Long-Range Shooting]
Availability and Cost: Economic Considerations
The availability and cost of ammunition are important factors to consider, especially for high-volume shooters. Both .308 and 7.62x39mm ammunition are widely available, but their prices can vary depending on the manufacturer, bullet type, and market conditions. Generally, 7.62x39mm ammunition is more affordable than .308 ammunition, making it a more economical choice for training and recreational shooting.
However, the price difference can fluctuate, and bulk purchases can often reduce the cost per round for both cartridges. It’s always a good idea to compare prices from multiple sources before making a purchase.
Accuracy Potential: Precision Shooting
Accuracy is paramount for many shooters, whether they are hunting, competing, or simply practicing at the range. The .308 Winchester has a reputation for excellent accuracy, especially when paired with high-quality rifles and ammunition. It is capable of producing sub-MOA (minute of angle) groups in the hands of a skilled shooter, making it a favorite among precision rifle competitors.
The 7.62x39mm, while not as inherently accurate as the .308, can still deliver acceptable accuracy for many applications. With proper ammunition selection and a well-maintained rifle, it is possible to achieve groups of 2-4 MOA. However, it generally requires more effort and experimentation to achieve optimal accuracy with the 7.62x39mm.
[See also: Improving AK-47 Accuracy: Tips and Techniques]
Hunting Applications: Ethical Considerations
When choosing a cartridge for hunting, it’s essential to consider the size and type of game being hunted, as well as the ethical implications of using a cartridge with sufficient stopping power. The .308 Winchester is a versatile hunting cartridge, suitable for taking down a wide range of game, from deer and antelope to elk and even bear. Its high energy and flat trajectory make it effective at longer ranges, increasing the hunter’s chances of a clean and ethical kill.
The 7.62x39mm can be used for hunting smaller game, such as deer and hogs, at closer ranges. However, it’s crucial to use appropriate ammunition and to ensure that shots are placed accurately to ensure a quick and humane kill. Due to its lower energy, it may not be suitable for larger game or longer-range hunting situations.
Military and Law Enforcement Use: Tactical Considerations
Both cartridges have seen use in military and law enforcement applications, although the .308 is more commonly used in modern military sniper rifles and designated marksman rifles. Its long-range accuracy and stopping power make it well-suited for engaging targets at extended distances.
The 7.62x39mm has been used in various military conflicts around the world, primarily in AK-47 rifles. While its effective range is limited compared to the .308, its reliability and ease of use have made it a popular choice in certain situations.
Conclusion: Choosing the Right Cartridge
In conclusion, the question of whether the .308 is stronger than the 7.62x39mm is definitively answered in the affirmative when considering factors such as ballistic performance, effective range, and stopping power. The .308 offers superior long-range capabilities and greater energy, making it a better choice for hunting larger game and engaging targets at longer distances. However, the 7.62x39mm offers advantages in terms of recoil, cost, and availability, making it a suitable option for recreational shooting and close- to medium-range engagements. The best choice ultimately depends on the individual’s specific needs and priorities.
Consider the intended use, the type of firearm being used, and the shooter’s experience level when making a decision. Both cartridges have their place in the shooting world, and understanding their strengths and weaknesses is key to making an informed choice. The .308 is a stronger round than the 7.62x39mm overall. However, the 7.62x39mm offers advantages in specific scenarios. The user should evaluate their specific needs to decide which is best.
